<p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Infeksi nosokomial atau infeksi terkait perawatan kesehatan <em>(healthcare–associated infection/HAI)</em> merupakan infeksi yang didapat selama proses menerima perawatan kesehatan. Infeksi ini dapat disebabkan oleh agen mikroorganisme seperti bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Teknik diagnostik untuk pemeriksaan infeksi <em>nosocomial</em> berperan penting dalam menentukan akurasi infeksi agen mikroorganisme penyebab infeksi, sehingga pengobatan yang diberikan dapat tepat dan meminimalisir resistensi obat. Tinjauan pustaka ini disusun untuk memberikan gambaran teknik diagnotik untuk mendeteksi bakteri menggunakan metode konvensional (standar) dan lanjutan. Teknik yang biasa digunakan dalam diagnostik penyakit infeksi adalah metode konvensional melalui kultur dan metode lanjutan melalui uji serologi, antigen, dan lainnya. Penyusunan tinjauan ini didasarkan pada perkembangan teknik diagnostik di laboratorium medis. Gambaran metode teknik diagnostik inidiperoleh dari analisa peneliti yang didapatkan dari jurnal elektronik (<em>e–journal). </em>Metode konvensional umumnya dilakukan dengan cara kultur pada media buatan, pengamatan makroskopik dan uji biokimia. Pada metode lanjutan, diagnostic dilakukan menggunakan uji berbasis asam nukleat atau protein, yaitu uji serologi, uji antigen seperti <em>rapid</em>, dan metode diagnostik molekuler dengan amplifikasi asam nukelat (<em>Polymerase Chain Reaction</em>, PCR).</p>
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<p><strong>Kata kunci: infeksi nosokomial, kultur, uji lanjutan.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nosocomial infections, also known as health care–associated infections (HAI) are infections that are acquired during the process of receiving health care. This infection can be caused by microorganism agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Diagnostic techniques for the examination of nosocomial infections play an important role in determining the accuracy of infection with microorganisms that cause infection, so that the treatment given can be appropriate and minimize drug resistance. This literature review is structured to provide an overview of diagnostic techniques for detecting bacteria using conventional (standard) and advanced methods. The techniques commonly used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases are conventional methods through culture and advanced methods through serological tests, antigens, and others. The preparation of this review is based on the development of diagnostic techniques in medical laboratories. The description of this diagnostic technique method is obtained from the analysis of researchers obtained from electronic journals (e–journals). Conventional methods are generally carried out by means of culture on artificial media, macroscopic observations and biochemical tests. In the advanced method, diagnostics are carried out using nucleic acid or protein–based tests, namely serological tests, antigen tests such as rapid, and molecular diagnostic methods with nucleic acid amplification (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR).</p>
<p><strong>Keywords: nosocomial infection, culture, follow–up tests.</strong></p>
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